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Wafate Nabi Muhammad saw

Saka wikishia
Bagian kidul kuburan Nabi Muhammad SAW kang ana telung meter saka makam.[1]

Wafate Nabi Muhammad SAW iku kedadean ing taun 11 Hijriah sing nggawe para Muslim pisah pamade lan iki nduwe pengaruh gedhe marang nasibe. Sedane utawa syahide Nabi Muhammad saw, miturut pandangan umum Syiah nalika 28 Safar lan miturut pandangan umum Ahlus Sunnah nalika 12 Rabiul Awal. Dhiskusi bab sedane utawa syahide Nabi lan akibat-akibate uga dadi topik penting sajeroning sajarah Islam. Miturut crita-crita ing sumber Syiah lan Sunni, Syekh Mufid, Syekh Thusi, lan Allamah Hilli negesake nèk Nabi Muhammad SAW diracuni lan dadi syahid déning wong wadon Yahudi, nanging ana uga sing nganggep nèk Nabi seda alamiah. Miturut Sayid Ja'far Murtadha Amili, ulama lan peneliti sajarah Islam, Rasulullah saw pirang-pirang digawé mati lan seda amarga diracuni.

Miturut sumber-sumber sajarah, sawisé wafate Nabi Muhammad SAW, wong-wong Madinah, utamané putrine Fatimah az-Zahra as. Umar bin Khattab meksa yèn Nabi durung mati lan ngancam arep matèni wong-wong sing nganggep yèn Nabi wis seda, nganti Abu Bakar teka lan macakaké ayat 144 surat Ali Imran kanggo nènèngaké dhèwèké. Ana sing nganggep tumindak Umar iki minangka rencana sing wis disusun kanggo nggawé Abu Bakar dadi pimpinan.

Miturut para panulis sajarah, Imam Ali a.s. kanthi bantuan wong-wong kaya Fadhl bin Abbas lan Usamah bin Zaid wis nyiapake jenazah Nabi kanggo penguburan lan nguburake ing omah dhewe. Nalika prosesi panguburan Nabi, sawetara pimpinan Anshar lan Muhajirin padha ngumpul ing Saqifah Bani Sa'idah. Ing kana, nyalahi wasiat Rasulullah, dheweke milih Abu Bakar dadi pengganti Nabi.

Kadudukan lan Pentinge

Sedane Nabi Muhammad saw nduwe pengaruh sing jelas lan gedhe banget marang nasibe para Muslim.[2] Sakwise Nabi seda, klompok tokoh Muhajirin lan Anshar langsung ngumpul ing Saqifah Bani Sa'idah lan milih Abu Bakar dadi khalifah.[3] Para pendhukung khalifah anyar iki uga nyerang omah Ali lan Fatimah, yaiku menantu lan putrine Nabi dhewe, kanggo meksa bi'at.[4] Serangan iki nyebabake Fatimah tatu,[5] sing miturut keyakinan wong Syiah dadi sababe syahid. [6] Wong Syiah percaya yen wasiat Nabi bab penggantinan Imam Ali a.s. ora dilaksanakake.[7] Pasulayan bab sapa sing kudu ganti Nabi iki banjur dadi pecah gedhe ing masyarakat Muslim, dadi dhasar laire loro mazhab utama, yaiku Syiah lan Sunni. [8]

Ing macem-macem negara, dina peringatan sedane Rasulullah saw iki ditandhai karo acara-acara pengungkeman.[9] Ing Iran, tanggal 28 Shofar ditetepake dina libur nasional minangka dina sedane Nabi, lan para penganut Syiah nganakake acara pengungkeman ing dina iku.[10]

Olahe Racun utawa Sedané Alami?

Ana loro laporan bab sedane Nabi, apa marga sedané alami utawa amarga diracun.[11] Ana sing percaya nèk Rasulullah seda marga sebab alami;[12] nanging ing kitab Al-Kafi (Kitab) miturut hadist saka Imam Shadiq as,[13] ing kitab Bashair ad-Darajat (Kitab) (kitab hadis Syiah),[14] lan ing Ath-Thabaqat karya Ibnu Sa'ad (kitab sajarah abad kaping 3 Hijriah),[15] ana laporan nèk Nabi ngerti nèk lara ing akhir umuré disebabaké racun saka daging wedhus sing diparingaké wong wadon Yahudi sawisé Fathu Khaibar kanggo Nabi lan kanca-kancané.

Syekh Mufid,[16] Syekh Thusi,[17] Allamah Hilli,[18] lan panulis sawatara sumber Ahlus Sunnah kayata Shahih al-Bukhari,[19] Sunan ad-Darimi,[20] lan Al-Mustadrak 'ala ash-Shahihain[21] wis nyataké kanthi terang nèk Nabi (saw.) seda amarga diracun. Saliyané iku, Sayyid Ja'far Murtadha Amili (ahli sajarah Syiah), wis ngumpulaké laporan saka sumber Syiah lan Sunni bab aksi pembunuhan marang Nabi,[22] lan dhéwé percaya nèk Nabi diracun lan syahid. [23] Dhèwèké nganggep pelakuné racun marang Nabi iku sawetara mungsuh internal.[24] Kaya sing diriwayataké ing Tafsir al-'Ayyasyi saka Imam Ja'far ash-Shadiq as, nèk pelaku peracunan marang Nabi iku loro wong saka Para istri Nabi saw.[25]

Peta njero kuburan Nabi Muhammad SAW sing kalebu omahé dhéwé lan Omah Siti Fatimah as.

Kedadeyan Ladud

Artikel Utama: Kedadeyan Ladud

Kedadeyan Ladud, sing dianggep palsu dening saweneh[26] lan dianggep mitos dening liyane,[27] uga kalebu kedadeyan ing dina-dina Nabi lagi lara. Ing Shahih al-Bukhari lan Ath-Thabaqat karya Ibnu Sa'ad, diriwayatake saka Aisyah nèk ing dina-dina akhir umur Nabi, nalika dheweke meh sadhar amarga lara sing abot, diwenehake Ladud (obat pait kanggo wong kang lara radhang paru-paru) kanthi diunekake menyang cangkem Nabi, nanging Nabi nalika iku mènèhi isyarat supaya ora dilakokna. Nalika awake Nabi wis mari sithik, dheweke nglarang sapa waé kajaba pakdhene, Abbas, sing diwenehake obat kasebut.[28] Muhammad Shadiq Najmi, panaliti Syiah, nduga nèk para pemalsu hadis iki arep golek pengesahan kanggo tumindake Umar bin Khattab ing Kedadean Dawat lan Qalam, sing nuduh Nabi ngomong ngawur.[29]

Seda lan Panguburan

Nabi Muhammad saw seda ing taun 11 Hijriah[30] lan ing Madinah. [31] Sedane Nabi ing dina Senin iku siji-sijine dina sing disepakati kabeh sejarawan.[32] Ing kalangan Syiah, Syekh Mufid lan Syekh Thusi nyathet nèk iku kedadeyan ing 28 Safar [33] lan Syekh Abbas Qummi nganggep iki minangka pandangan akeh ulama Syiah.[34] Miturut Rasul Ja'fariyan, panaliti sajarah Syiah, ora ana riwayat sing ndukung tanggal iki [35] lan wong Syiah nampa tanggal iki miturut Mufid lan Thusi.[36]

Acara pengungkeman sedane Nabi ing Makam Imam Ali as (28 Safar 1445 H)[37]

Wong Ahlus Sunnah nglaporake kedadeyan sedane Nabi ing sasi Rabiul Awal, ing dina pisanan, [38] dina kapindo, [39] lan sawenèh klompok uga nglaporake ing dina kaping rolas [40] sasi iki, lan sawenèh nganggep iki minangka pandangan umum Ahlus Sunnah. [41] Al-Irbili, panulis Manaqib Syiah, uga ing Kasyf al-Ghummah ngaritakake riwayat saka Muhammad al-Baqir a.s. nèk dina sedane Nabi (saw.) iku 2 Rabiul Awal, [42] nanging Syekh Abbas al-Qummi nganggep iki amarga taqiyah sing dilakokna Irbili.[43] Nanging, loro ulama Syiah liyane, Syekh Al-Kulaini lan Muhammad bin Jarir ath-Thabari uga nyatakake nèk sedane Nabi kedadeyan ing 12 Rabiul Awal. [44]

Sumber-sumber kaya As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah karya Ibnu Hisyam (sedha. 218 H),[45] Ath-Thabaqat al-Kubra karya Muhammad bin Sa'ad (sedha. 230 H),[46] Tarikh al-Ya'qubi karya Ahmad bin Abi Ya'qub (sedha. 284 H),[47] Al-Irsyad karya Syekh Mufid (sedha. 413 H)[48] lan As-Shahih min Sirah an-Nabi al-A'dzam karya Sayid Ja'far Murtadha Amili (sedha. 1441 H) isine bahasan bab sedane Nabi (saw.).[49]

Kafan lan Panguburan

Kubah Hijau ing ndhuwur makam Nabi (saw)

Miturut riwayat Ibnu Sa'ad ing Ath-Thabaqat al-Kubra, sawisé Nabi seda, wong-wong padha sedih banget,[50] lan putrine, Siti Fatimah AZ, terus nangis lan ngucapake "Yaa Abataah!" (O, Bapakku!). Sawisé Nabi seda, ora ana sing weruh dheweke mesem maneh.[51] Ing Nahj al-Balaghah, diriwayatake saka Imam Ali as nèk sawisé Rasulullah seda, kabeh padha nangis, lan aku sing nglakokake Adus Mayit jenazah Nabi kanthi dibantu para malaikat. Aku sholatake dheweke lan kupingku ora mandeg krungu swara alus para malaikat sing lagi sholat marang dheweke.[52]

Miturut sumber sajarah, Nabi seda ing pangkuan Ali,[53] lan Ali ngresik lan ngafani jenazah Nabi karo bantuan Fadhl bin Abbas, Usamah bin Zaid, lan wong liya, nganggo klambi dheweke.[54] Miturut usul Ali (a.s.),[55] wong-wong mlebu omah Nabi sacara berkelompok lan sholat marang Nabi tanpa ngikut sapa-sapa (ora ana imam), lan iki ditindakake nganti dina sabanjure.[56] Miturut sawatara riwayat, ana sawetara usulan bab panggonan kuburan Nabi, nanging kanthi penekanan Ali nèk Allah njupuk nyawa Para Nabi ing panggonan paling suci, kabeh padha setuju lan jenazah Nabi dikubur ing panggonan sedane (yaiku omah dheweke, panggonan uripe Aisyah).[57] Kuburan disiapake dening Abu Ubaidah al-Jarrah lan Zaid bin Sahl,[58] lan Ali (a.s.) karo bantuan Fadhl bin Abbas lan Usamah bin Zaid sing ngubur awake Nabi.[59]

Kamar Nabi (Hujrah Nabawiyyah)

Artikel Utama: Kamar Nabi saw

Kamar Nabi iku panggonan dikuburake Nabi Muhammad saw, sing biyene dadi panggonan uripe karo bojone, Aisyah.[60] Nabi Muhammad SAW lara, seda, lan wong-wong sholat marang Nabi ing omah iki.[61] Miturut usul Imam Ali as, Nabi dikubur ing omah sing padha, panggonan dheweke seda.[62]

Ing akhir abad 1 Hijriah, tembok-tembok dibangun ing saubengé kamar kasebut, kanthi wangun lima sisi. Iki diarani supaya ora padha karo Ka'bah.[63] Ing renovasi sabanjure, kamar iki dadi bagéan saka Masjid Nabawi lan, bebarengan karo omah Siti Fatimah az-Zahra as, dilebokake ing sajroning kuburan. [64]

Masalah Penerusan Kepemimpinan

Hak kanggo ngganti Nabi lan mimpin pamaréntahan umat Islam sawisé sedané dadi salah siji masalah paling penting lan dadi panyebab utama pecahé umat Islam.[65] Mula, kedadeyan-kedadeyan sadurungé lan sawetara wektu sawisé sedané Nabi didadèkaké dadi prastawa sing paling sensitif lan kebak karo pulitik ndhelik lan komplèks.[66] Miturut analisis sumber-sumber Syiah, Nabi, kanggo nguatake posisi Imam Ali as minangka pengganti sawisé pengumuman ing Peristiwa Ghadir, nyoba adohaké calon-calon penentu kekhalifahan Ali saka Madinah kanthi melu ing Tentara Usamah,[67] nulis Wasiat bab masa depané,[68] nekani Hadits Tsalatsain pirang-pirang kali,[69] nerangake sapa sing bakal dadi wasiné,[70] lan ngalang-alangi Abu Bakar dadi imam sholat jamaah.[71]

Miturut laporan sajarah, sikap para Sahabat bab masalah pengganti Nabi ana loro: Sathithok sahabat ngomong nèk Nabi ora nemtokake sapa-sapa lan banjur ngumpul ing Saqifah Bani Sa'idah lan milih Abu Bakar dadi Khalifah,[72] lan sathithok liyané, sing akèh-akèhé saka Bani Hasyim, miturut pitutur Nabi, percaya nèk Nabi wis nemtokake Ali minangka penggantiné, lan mula dhéwéké ora gelem bai'at marang Abu Bakar nganti suwé.[73] Pasulayan antarane loro klompok iki nyebabaké kerusuhan ing Madinah lan serangan menyang omah Imam Ali a.s..[74] Miturut sawatara laporan, Ali ora bai'at marang Abu Bakar nganti sawisé kesyahidan Siti Fatimah az-Zahra.[75] Miturut Kitab Sulaim bin Qais al-Hilali lan sumber liyané, sawéné wong nalika Nabi isih urip wis mbentuk pakumpulan kanggo nentokake penggantiné, sing ing sumber-sumber kasebut diarani Shahifah Mal'unah (Gulungan Terkutuk).[76]

Tandhang Literatur

Bab sedané Nabi saw, ana sawatara karya mandiri, sing akèh-akèhé ditulis dening panulis Sunni, kayata:

  • Wafat an-Nabi saw, karya Abdul Wahid Al-Muzhaffar, ngemot alasan-alasan sedané, larané Nabi, suwéné lara lan sababé, kedadeyan nalika seda, persiapan lan panguburan, lan pengungkeman kanggo Nabi.[77]
  • Wafat an-Nabi Muhammad saw, karya Syeikh Husain Ad-Darrazi Al-Bahrani, sing diterbitake déning Muassasah Al-Balagh ing Beirut.[78]
  • Wafat Rasulullah saw wa Mauqi' Qabrih, ditulis déning Nabil Al-Hasani, ngemot carané Nabi saw seda, panggonan dikubur, lan pasulayan sing ana ing antarane para Sahabat bab iki.[79]
  • Wafat an-Nabi saw wa Azhlamat al-Madinah, karya Nizar An-Na'lawan Al-Asqalani, sing diterbitake taun 1424 H déning Dar Al-Minhaj, Beirut.[80]
  • Salwat al-Kaib bi Wafat al-Habib saw, ditulis déning Ibnu Nashiruddin lan diteliti déning Shalih Yusuf Ma'tuq, ngemot kedadeyan sawisé seda, dukane para malaikat, pangresikan awak Nabi déning Imam Ali as, uga materi bab Putra Putri Kanjeng Nabi saw lan Para Istri Nabi saw.[81]

Cathetan Sikil

  1. ↑ Al-Harbi, "Mangerteni Obyek lan Rincian Utama Kamar Nabi", Al-Arabiya.
  2. ↑ Deleng: Syahidi, Tarikh Analitik Islam, 1390 HS, kaca 106-107.
  3. ↑ Thabari, Tarikh al-Thabari, 1387 HS, jilid 3, kaca 201-203.
  4. ↑ Ibnu Qutaibah, Al-Imamah wa as-Siyasah, 1410 H, jilid 1, kaca 30-31.
  5. ↑ Mas'udi, Itsbat al-Washiyyah, 1384 HS, kaca 146.
  6. ↑ Mahdi, Al-Hujum, 1425 H, kaca 221-356.
  7. ↑ Deleng: Syahidi, Tarikh Analitik Islam, 1390 HS, kaca 106-107.
  8. ↑ Deleng: Thabathaba'i, Syiah dalam Islam, 1378 HS, kaca 28.
  9. ↑ "Upacara Peringatan Dina Sedane Nabi Akhir Jaman (saw.) ing Luar Negeri", Kantor Berita Mehr.
  10. ↑ Kanggo conto deleng "Gerakan lan Kumpulan-Kumpulan Pengungkeman ing Peringatan Dina Sedane Nabi Akhir Jaman (saw.) ing Bushehr", Kantor Berita Tasnim.
  11. ↑ Amili, As-Shahih min Sirah an-Nabi al-A'zham, 1385 HS, jilid 33, kaca 141-158.
  12. ↑ Ibnu Abi al-Hadid, Syarh Nahj al-Balaghah, 1404 H, jilid 10, kaca 266.
  13. ↑ Al-Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1407 H, jilid 6, kaca 315, hadis 3.
  14. ↑ Ash-Shaffar, Bashair ad-Darajat, 1404 H, kaca 503.
  15. ↑ Ibnu Sa'ad, Ath-Thabaqat al-Kubra, 1410 H, jilid 2, kaca 155-156.
  16. ↑ Syeikh al-Mufid, Al-Muqni'ah, 1413 H, kaca 456.
  17. ↑ Ath-Thusi, Tahdzib al-Ahkam, 1407 H, jilid 6, kaca 2.
  18. ↑ Al-Hilli, Muntaha al-Mathlab, 1412 H, jilid 13, kaca 259.
  19. ↑ Al-Bukhari, Shahih al-Bukhari, 1422 H, jilid 6, kaca 9, hadis 4428.
  20. ↑ Ad-Darimi, Sunan ad-Darimi, 1412 H, jilid 1, kaca 207, hadis 68.
  21. ↑ Al-Hakim an-Naisaburi, Al-Mustadrak, 1411 H, jilid 3, kaca 61, hadis 4395.
  22. ↑ Amili, As-Shahih min Sirah an-Nabi al-A'zham, 1385 HS, jilid 33, kaca 141-158.
  23. ↑ Amili, As-Shahih min Sirah an-Nabi al-A'zham, 1385 HS, jilid 33, kaca 159.
  24. ↑ Amili, As-Shahih min Sirah an-Nabi al-A'zham, 1385 HS, jilid 33, kaca 159-193.
  25. ↑ Al-'Ayyasyi, Kitab at-Tafsir, 1380 HS, jilid 1, kaca 200.
  26. ↑ Ibnu Abi al-Hadid, Syarh Nahj al-Balaghah, 1404 H, jilid 13, kaca 32; Najmi, "Crita Palsu bab Nabi Agung (saw.)", kaca 120.
  27. ↑ Amili, As-Shahih min Sirah an-Nabi al-A'zham, 1385 HS, jilid 32, kaca 130.
  28. ↑ Al-Bukhari, Shahih al-Bukhari, 1422 H, jilid 6, kaca 14, hadis 4458 lan jilid 7, kaca 127, hadis 5712; Ibnu Sa'ad, Ath-Thabaqat al-Kubra, 1410 H, jilid 2, kaca 181.
  29. ↑ Najmi, "Crita Palsu bab Nabi Agung (saw.)", kaca 120; Najmi, Adhwa' 'ala ash-Shahihain, 1419 H, kaca 264.
  30. ↑ Syeikh al-Mufid, Al-Irsyad, 1410 H, jilid 1, kaca 182; Ath-Thabari, Tarikh ath-Thabari, 1387 H, jilid 3, kaca 200.
  31. ↑ Syeikh al-Mufid, Al-Irsyad, 1413 H, jilid 1, kaca 182; Ath-Thabari, Tarikh ath-Thabari, 1387 H, jilid 3, kaca 195.
  32. ↑ Ja'fariyan, Sirah Rasulullah (saw.), 1383 HS, kaca 682.
  33. ↑ Syeikh al-Mufid, Al-Irsyad, 1413 H, jilid 1, kaca 189; Syeikh ath-Thusi, Tahdzib al-Ahkam, 1407 H, jilid 6, kaca 2.
  34. ↑ Al-Qummi, Muntaha al-Amal, 1379 HS, jilid 1, kaca 249.
  35. ↑ Ja'fariyan, Sirah Rasulullah (saw.), 1383 HS, kaca 682.
  36. ↑ Ja'fariyan, Sirah Rasulullah (saw.), 1383 HS, kaca 682.
  37. ↑ "Pengungkemé Para Pelayan Makam Imam Ali a.s. ing Dina 28 Shofar", Kantor Berita Shafaqna.
  38. ↑ Ibnu Katsir, Al-Bidayah wa an-Nihayah, 1407 H, jilid 5, kaca 254; As-Suhaili, Ar-Raudh al-Unf, 1412 H, jilid 7, kaca 579.
  39. ↑ Ath-Thabari, Tarikh ath-Thabari, 1387 H, jilid 3, kaca 200; As-Suhaili, Ar-Raudh al-Unf, 1412 H, jilid 7, kaca 579.
  40. ↑ Ibnu Katsir, Al-Bidayah wa an-Nihayah, 1407 H, jilid 5, kaca 276; Al-Waqidi, Al-Maghazi lil Waqidi, 1409 H, jilid 3, kaca 1089; Khalifah bin Khayyath, Tarikh Khalifah bin Khayyath, 1415 H, kaca 46; Al-Mas'udi, Muruj adz-Dzahab, 1409 H, jilid 2, kaca 280.
  41. ↑ Tari, "Pamikiran bab Tanggal Sedane Nabi (saw.)", kaca 12.
  42. ↑ Al-Qummi, Muntaha al-Amal, 1379 HS, jilid 1, kaca 249.
  43. ↑ Al-Qummi, Muntaha al-Amal, 1379 HS, jilid 1, kaca 249.
  44. ↑ Al-Kulaini, Al-Kafi, 1362 HS, jilid 4, kaca 439; Ath-Thabari, Al-Mustarsyid, 1415 H, kaca 115.
  45. ↑ Ibnu Hisyam, As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Ma'rifah, jilid 2, kaca 649-666.
  46. ↑ Ibnu Sa'ad, Ath-Thabaqat al-Kubra, 1410 H, jilid 2, kaca 129-253.
  47. ↑ Al-Ya'qubi, Tarikh al-Ya'qubi, Dar Shadir, jilid 2, kaca 113-115.
  48. ↑ Syeikh al-Mufid, Al-Irsyad, 1413 H, jilid 1, kaca 179-192.
  49. ↑ Amili, As-Shahih min Sirah an-Nabi al-A'zham, 1385 HS, jilid 33, kaca 125-355 lan kaca 5-230.
  50. ↑ Ibnu Sa'ad, Ath-Thabaqat al-Kubra, 1410 H, jilid 2, kaca 238.
  51. ↑ Ibnu Sa'ad, Ath-Thabaqat al-Kubra, 1410 H, jilid 2, kaca 237-238.
  52. ↑ As-Sayid ar-Radhi, Nahj al-Balaghah (Shubhi Shalih), 1414 H, kaca 311, Khutbah 197; Makarim Syirazi, Nahj al-Balaghah kanthi terjemahan Persia, 1384 HS, kaca 485.
  53. ↑ Ibnu Sa'ad, Ath-Thabaqat al-Kubra, 1410 H, jilid 2, kaca 201.
  54. ↑ Ibnu Sa'ad, Ath-Thabaqat al-Kubra, 1410 H, jilid 2, kaca 212 & 214; Ibnu Hisyam, As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Ma'rifah, jilid 2, kaca 662-663.
  55. ↑ Syeikh al-Mufid, Al-Irsyad, 1413 H, jilid 1, kaca 188.
  56. ↑ Ibnu Sa'ad, Ath-Thabaqat al-Kubra, 1410 H, jilid 2, kaca 220; Al-Ya'qubi, Tarikh al-Ya'qubi, Dar Shadir, jilid 2, kaca 114.
  57. ↑ Al-Irbili, Kasyf al-Ghummah, 1381 H, jilid 1, kaca 19.
  58. ↑ Ibnu Hisyam, As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Dar al-Ma'rifah, jilid 2, kaca 663.
  59. ↑ Ibnu Sa'ad, Ath-Thabaqat al-Kubra, 1410 H, jilid 2, kaca 229.
  60. ↑ "Kamar Nabi. Para Malaikat Ngubengi Makam Sing Mulia", Al-Madinah.
  61. ↑ Ibnu Sa'ad, Ath-Thabaqat al-Kubra, 1410 H, jilid 2, kaca 220.
  62. ↑ Al-Irbili, Kasyf al-Ghummah fi Ma'rifat al-A'immah, 1421 H, jilid 1, kaca 19.
  63. ↑ Al-Anshari, 'Imarah wa Tausi'ah al-Masjid an-Nabawi asy-Syarif, 1417 H, kaca 63.
  64. ↑ Ja'fariyan, Asar-Asar Islami Makkah wa Madinah, 1387 HS, kaca 256.
  65. ↑ Madelung, The Succession to Muhammad, 1377 HS, kaca 13.
  66. ↑ Gholami, Pas az Ghurub, 1388 HS, kaca 21.
  67. ↑ Syeikh al-Mufid, Al-Irsyad, 1413 H, jilid 1, kaca 180.
  68. ↑ Al-Bukhari, Shahih al-Bukhari, 1422 H, jilid 6, kaca 9, hadis 4432.
  69. ↑ Syeikh al-Mufid, Al-Amali, 1413 H, kaca 135; Ibnu Hajar al-Haitami, Ash-Shawa'iq al-Muhriqah, 1417 H, jilid 2, kaca 438 & 440.
  70. ↑ Syeikh al-Mufid, Al-Irsyad, 1413 H, jilid 1, kaca 185; Adz-Dzahabi, Tarikh al-Islam, 1413 H, jilid 11, kaca 224; Ibnu Katsir, Al-Bidayah wa an-Nihayah, 1407 H, jilid 7, kaca 359.
  71. ↑ Ja'fariyan, Sirah Rasulullah, 1383 HS, kaca 679; Sulaim bin Qais, Kitab Sulaim bin Qais, 1378 HS, kaca 420.
  72. ↑ Ibnu Qutaibah, Al-Imamah wa as-Siyasah, 1410 H, jilid 1, kaca 22; Ibnu Atsir, Al-Kamil fi at-Tarikh, Dar Shadir, jilid 2, kaca 327.
  73. ↑ Al-Ya'qubi, Tarikh al-Ya'qubi, Dar Shadir, jilid 2, kaca 124; Al-Askari, Saqifah: Barresi Nuh Syakl Giri Hukumat Pas az Payambar, 1387 HS, kaca 99.
  74. ↑ Al-Ya'qubi, Tarikh al-Ya'qubi, Dar Shadir, jilid 2, kaca 124; Al-Askari, Saqifah: Barresi Nuh Syakl Giri Hukumat Pas az Payambar, 1387 HS, kaca 99.
  75. ↑ Ibnu Qutaibah, Al-Imamah wa as-Siyasah, 1413 H, jilid 1, kaca 30-31.
  76. ↑ Sulaim bin Qais, Kitab Sulaim bin Qais, 1378 HS, kaca 269; Al-Qummi, Safinah al-Bihar, 1414 H, jilid 5, kaca 56; Ibnu Thawus, Tharaf min al-Anba' wa al-Manaqib, 1420 H, kaca 564; Syeikh al-Mufid, Al-Fushul al-Mukhtar, 1413 H, jilid 1, kaca 232.
  77. ↑ Al-Muzhaffar, Wafat an-Nabi saw, 1386 HS, kaca 3.
  78. ↑ Ad-Darrazi, Wafat an-Nabi Muhammad saw, 1428 H, kaca 2.
  79. ↑ ["Wafat Rasulullah saw wa Mauqi' Qabrih"], Situs Buku Al-Qa'imiyah.
  80. ↑ An-Na'lawan, Wafat an-Nabi saw, 1424 H, kaca 2.
  81. ↑ Ibnu Nashiruddin, Salwat al-Kaib, Dar Al-Buhuts li Ad-Dirasat Al-Islamiyah, 2007 M, kaca 211.

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